ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of neurectomy and chemodenervation of the masseter muscle on mandible bone mineral density.Methods Thirty 28-day-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups:operation groups 1 and 2,botulinum toxin group and control group.The main trunk and initial branches of masseteric nerve on the right side were resected in the operation group 1.The nerve was exposed,but not resected in the operation group 2.The right side of masseter muscle was injected with botulinum toxin type A and the left side was injected with sterile saline in botulinum toxin group when the rats were 28 days old.The control group was only anaesthetised.Bilateral mandibles of all four groups were scanned by GE lunar prodigy bone densitometer when the rats were 75 days old.Results BMD was (0.184±0.012) g/cm2 on the left side and (0.184±0.026) g/cm2on the right side in operation group 1.BMD was (0.179±0.022) g/cm2 on the left side and (0.173±0.019) g/cm2 on the right side in operation group 2.BMD was (0.165±0.061) g/cm2 on the left side and (0.158±0.051) g/cm2 on the right side in botulinum toxin group.BMD was (0.196±0.026) g/cm2 on the left side and (0.185±0.022) g/cm2 on the right side in control group.The variance of BMD between two sides of each group was not significant difference.The variances of BMD among the right side of the four groups were not significant difference.Conclusions No pathological changes in mandibular bone mineral density after denervation and chemodenervation of the massetermuscle are observed in this study.
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Objective To investigate the distribution range and depth of the apocrine sweat glands of the axillary fossa,in order to supply with anatomic and histopathologic basis in the treatment on axillarv osmidrosis.Methods From December 2008 to ()ctober 2010,2 biopsy samples(with axillary osmidrosis),8 biopsy samples(normal,without axillary osmidrosis),were employed into the axillarv anatomy study. 25 patients with severe axillary osmidrosis were observed both maerographicallv and microscopically by using of operation and histopathological methods.Results Secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands was seen clearly,it was pitchy millet-like granules on axillary osmidrosis corpse,and pink millet-like granules in vivo.Secretory portions distributed most within the armpit hair area,exceeded the edge of armpit hair line,but not surpassed the edge of armpit hair line 1.0 cm.The depth of the apocrine sweat glands located vertically at superficial fat tissues between the dermal reticular 1aver and superficial fascia layers which were dissected away easily.Trimming with scissors under dermaIlayer,the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands was removed cleanly without harms to reticular laver of dermas.Secretory portions became ducts under reticular layer of dermas.White Drominence-like granules were proved to be the compomers of hair follicle and sebaceous glands through Dathological section.Conclusions In order to treat axillary osmidrosis effectively,the secretary portion should be removed away through cutting off the tissues between the dermal reticular layer and suDerficial fastia layers;the ducts of apocrine sweat glands should be handled with removing hair follicle under the reticular layer of dermas．0peration area should not exceed 1.0 cm off the edge.
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BACKGROUND:Cadherin-11 which was used to modify bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells aimed to promote cell adhesion ability;while,core binding factor α1 (cbfα1) which was used to modify bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells aimed to realize ossification of multipotential stem cells and play a signalization role in cascade effect.OBJECTIVE:To construct cadherin-11 and cbfα1 gene adenovirus expression vectors so as to modify bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and observe the expressions of the two genes.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Cell-genetics experiment was performed at Central Laboratory of Zhujiang Hospital in August 2008.MATERIALS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from a male patient with thoracic vertebral fracture re from Zhujiang Hospital.The patient provided the informed consent.Full length cadherin-11 cDNA plasmid was provided by Professor Takeichi,Riken Molecular Organism Center,Japan;full length cbfα1 gene plasmid was provided by Professor Ducy,Baylor Medical College,USA;pAdeasy adenovirus system was provided by Professor Bert,McKuslck-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine,USA.METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were separated using Percoll density gradient centrifugation combined with adherence method.Cadherin-11 and cbfα1 genes were obtained by PCR,and then they were inserted into shuttle vector of adenovirus;thereafter,the recombinant adenovirus plasmids were gained by homologous recombination.Finally,the two plasmids were re-packed to obtain recombinant adenovirus venom,and cadherin-11 and cbfα1 genes were transfected in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by adenovirus.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The expressions of cadherin-11 and cbfα1 genes were detected by Western biotting.RESULTS:The adenovirus venom carrying the cadherin-11 and cbfα1 gene was successfully obtained.Western blotting showed that the expressions of the cadherin-11 and cbfα1 genes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were remarkably increased by infection viral.CONCLUSION:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may express high level of cedherin-11 and cbfα1 by gene modification of adenovirus.
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Objiective To provide the applied anatomy for the eyebrow lifting plasty. Methods The clinical surgical anatomy of the eyebrow region were studied bilaterally in 15 embalmed cadaveric heads and 9 fresh adult cadaveric heads. The cross sections of 2 embalmed cadaveric heads were observed. Results ⑴ A lot of fibrous tissue origined from the dermis of eyebrow attached to the SMAS. The eyebrow was moved by those fibrous tissue when the frontalis contracted. ⑵ The eyebrow was moved on the loosen layer under the SMAS. Conclusions ⑴ The loosen layer under the SMAS is the anatomic basis of eyebrow movement. ⑵ The basic methods of eyebrow lifting are the skin excision or suspension and restoration of the eyebrow.